Correção do solo com calcário e cinza vegetal no crescimento inicial do feijão-caupi em latossolo vermelho

Abstract

Among the orders of Brazilian soils, there are some classified as acid soils, which need correction to guarantee crop productivity. Currently, limestone is the most used corrective, and vegetable ash has been presented as a sustainable alternative for the process. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the results of Red Latosol correction through two experiments with soil correction methods and the effect of correction on the initial development of cowpea. Two experiments were carried out, one with limestone using base saturation levels (V%) 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 and the other with doses of vegetal ash (g dm-3) 0, 8, 16, 24 and 32. The experimental design was a completely randomized block with 5 replicates for each level of limestone saturation and applied ash dose, totaling 25 experimental units for the first experiment and for the second experiment. The experiments were carried out in a greenhouse at the Federal University of Mato Grosso, Rondonópolis Campus. Soil pH readings were taken at 10, 20, 30 and 40 days of incubation with limestone and with vegetal ash. The results of the soil correction with the two liming methods at the end of the 40 days showed pH values within the range considered ideal for the soil, with values from 5 to 7 according to the increase of the saturation levels and doses of vegetal ash, taking the limestone with the fastest effect. The corrected cowpea presented higher yields of dry and fresh mass of shoot and root for limestone and number of leaves and SPAD index for vegetable ash. The growth development of cowpea was positively influenced by the correction of the soil with the use of two correctives (limestone and gray plant), corrected ashes, as well as limestone soil raising the pH to adequate values, providing a better initial development for the bean -caupi cultivated in Red latosol collected in the Cerrado region.