Associação do diabete e de dieta hipercalórica na prenhez de ratas: repercussões fetais

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic condition that occurs when there are high levels of glucose in the blood due to an abnormality in the production or use of insulin. The consumption of diet with excess fat and sugar is associated with the appearance of insulin resistance. Thus, our hypothesis is that a hypercaloric diet associated with the hyperglycemic state during gestation may cause fetal complications more severe than these factors alone. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the fetal effects of the association of diabetes and hypercaloric diet, offered before and during the pregnancy of rats. For this, Streptozotocin was administered on the 1st day of life of rats. In adulthood (90 days), after confirmation of diabetes, the rats were divided into four experimental groups: Non-diabetic (Control-C) with normal diet; Control with altered diet (AC); Diabetic with normal diet (D) and Diabetic with altered diet (DA). The altered diet groups received hypercaloric ration and water containing 5% sucrose. At 120 days of age, the rats were mated. After a positive diagnosis of pregnancy, the rats were submitted to the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) on day 0 and 17 of pregnancy. On the 21st day of pregnancy, the rats were anesthetized and a laparotomy was performed to remove the gravid uterus for fetal evaluation. The fetuses of the CA and DA groups had low birth weight. Skeletal anomalies increased in the AD and D groups when compared to the control animals. Therefore, we conclude that inadequate diet associated with diabetes causes changes in offspring development, decreasing fetal weight and ossification sites, and increases skeletal abnormalities. Thus, this study found that the association between diabetes and inadequate diet influences fetal development.