Fatores que influenciam a produtividade da mão de obra na construção civil: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

Civil construction, when compared to other industrial sectors, is labeled as lagging behind productivity, which is generally low, which can be explained or related to the lack of specialization of the workforce, the low investment in industrialization and management of the sector , material waste among other factors that has been discussed in the literature and pointed as negative points that interfere directly in the execution of a given service and in the quality of the final product. In this way, it is noted that to increase productivity in the civil construction is necessary to identify the main failures in this sector that has interfered in its. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify the factors that influence or favor the productivity of labor in the construction industry, as well as to observe how the implementation of quality programs can interfere in the productivity gain and improvement of the quality of the workforce of the workers in the companies of the Civil Engineering sector. A review of the literature on scientific articles, books, course papers and dissertations published in the last five years was carried out in order to identify the main factors that have influenced the productivity of the workforce and the main programs and methods used in the construction companies with the purpose of analyzing how these programs can interfere in the productivity gain according to the literature. The results point to the human factor as the main factor responsible for the productivity of the company, the studies analyzed show that the qualification of the workforce, motivation, quality management, improvement of working conditions as well as occupational safety, quality of life and workers health are one of the main factors that influence productivity in construction. It was also observed that the implementation of management methodologies reduces the delay in the works while increasing the quality of its product. Among the methods and programs that have been used to increase the labor productivity found are the 5S program, Lean Construction philosophy, Brazilian Program of Quality and Productivity in Habitat and the NR-18.