Estado nutricional pré-gestacional e a incidência de diabetes gestacional em gestantes atendidas em consultório particular, Cuiabá/MT

Abstract

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Undiagnosed or non-treated GDM can result on many complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes that threatens both mothers and their offspring (hypertensive disorders, cesarean deliveries, fetal macrosomia, distocias, neonatal hypoglycemia, obesity, type 2 diabetes). Many factors can contribute to the development of GDM as: age > 35 years old, overweight and obesity, family history of diabetes, history of GDM on previous pregnancy, excessive gestational weight gain. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the relationship of pre-gestational body mass index (BMI) and the incidence of GDM on 37 pregnant women that consulted a clinical nutritionist during prenatal care from January/2014-january/2016, and by then elaborate preventive ways and improve glycemic control during pregnancy. From de 37 pregnant women evaluated, 62,2% were <35 years old, 51,4% were overweight or obese, 73% were physically inactive, 94% consulted a clinical nutritionist on their third trimester of pregnancy and for those that already knew the fetal sex, 43,2% were expecting girls. The best glycemic control either for fasting or post-prandial 60/120 minutes after the glucose challenge test (GCT) was performed by the pregnants that had a pre-gestational normal weight and were physically active during pregnancy. The pre-gestational weight is considered a big influent factor on both mother and fetal’s health, and the increasing number of overweight and obesity on preconception period is relevant to predict adverse outcomes during pregnancy. The monitoring of the pre-pregnancy weight by BMI calculation is a low-cost, simple and useful procedure to establish nutritional interventions and reduce maternal and fetal risks factors.