Associação entre variáveis sociodemográficas e do estado nutricional infantil com o tipo de aleitamento materno

Abstract

The provision of breastfeeding is fundamental in promoting growth and in the prevention of infant morbidity and mortality, as it is a food adapted to the neurological and physiological system of infants and because it is nutritionally complete, it also contains immunological factors that help in the prevention of infection or diseases. Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the influence of sociodemographic variables and variables related to the nutritional status of children with the type of breastfeeding in children attended at the Basic Health Unit (UBS), in the Tijucal neighborhood, in the city of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso. Material and methods: The study was a cross-sectional observational study with non-probabilistic sampling for convenience. For data collection, a semi-structured questionnaire was used for mothers with children up to two years of age. Data were collected on the socio-demographic profile, obstetric history and data to evaluate the duration and type of breastfeeding classified by the World Health Organization, 2015. For the nutritional evaluation of the child at birth, weight and length at birth of the child were collected and gestational age. In relation to the recent nutritional evaluation, information was collected from the child's current anthropometric data, such as weight and length, present in medical records and / or in the vaccination book. Subsequently, the nutritional status of the children was evaluated by the WHO, 2006 curves that used the Length / Age (L / A) and BMI / Age (BMI / A) indicators. Statistical analysis was performed in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0. The level of significance was set at p <0.05. Results: 65 participants were included in the study. Mothers had mean age of 27.8 ± 6.34 years and children with mean iddae of 9.95 ± 6.25 months. Regarding the type of breastfeeding, predominant breastfeeding was the most prevalent among the sample (40%), followed by partial mixed breastfeeding (24.6%), exclusive breastfeeding (20%) and supplemented maternal breastfeeding (15,4%). Regarding infant nutritional status, a high percentage of overweight (43.1%) was found in the children evaluated. Among the variables evaluated to evaluate the association with the type of breastfeeding, a higher prevalence of exclusive and predominant breastfeeding with the highest maternal age (p = 0.012) was observed in women participating in governmental social programs (p = 0.054) and with no difficulties during breastfeeding (p = 0.032). Conclusion: The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding found in this study was low. However, participation in governmental social programs for low-income mothers and the support and guidance to mothers who present difficulties to breastfeed by the health team are important factors to increase the practice of exclusive or predominant breastfeeding.