Medidas preventivas à transmissão vertical/sexual do zika vírus adotadas por gestantes assistidas pela estratégia da saúde da família

Abstract

The incidence of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection causes increased care for pregnant women, due to the imminent risk of the incidence of microcephaly, the most harmful consequence of Congenital Syndrome caused by Zika Virus. Vertical or perinatal transmission occurs via vector and implies effective use of preventive measures in the course of gestation in a correct and continuous way. The objective of this study was to identify the preventive measures against ZIKV infection used by pregnant women who use prenatal care. Thus, a descriptive and exploratory research with a quantitative approach was carried out. Participants were 42 pregnant women users of the prenatal service units of the municipality of Pontal do Araguaia-MT. A semi-structured interview was used as an instrument for data collection. The statistical treatment of the data was from tabulation organized in Microsoft Excel® 2010, from semi-structured interviews. Thus categorized, characterization of pregnant women and preventive measures used by pregnant women against ZIKV infection. The pregnant women were predominantly young, 24.4 years old on average, with full primary education, in the home, in stable marital status, experiencing the first unplanned and unwanted gestation, family income lower than a minimum wage. Most use repellent and backyard cleaning as a preventive measure against ZIKV infection. However, one-third of pregnant women do not use any measures. None use the condom as a way to prevent sexual transmission of the virus, although they live in an endemic Dengue area and are a prenatal user. It is concluded that the prevention of SCZV is frail. Socioeconomic vulnerability, timid and nonspecific actions of reproductive planning, preconceptional orientation actions, stable union linked to non-use of condoms are risk factors for the sexual and vectorial transmission of ZIKV. It is urgent to popularize information on preventive measures to vertical transmission of ZIKV.