Revisão integrativa : plantas medicinais com potencial efeito nootrópico usadas em pesquisas realizadas no Brasil

Abstract

Medicinal plants can be used in various ways like compresses, infusions, inhalations, macerations, among others. Nowadays there are several chronic diseases that affect the population, such as anxiety, depression, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), stroke, among others. Analyzing this scenario, the present study had the leading question: What are the medicinal plants with nootropic potential in Brazil? In this context, the objective was to analyze the scientific evidence available in the literature about medicinal plants that proved to be effective in memory disorders. The integrative review (IR) was the chosen methodology, whose databases were: US National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Web of Science and Scopus, from the cross of descriptors/synonyms: Plants, Medicinal, Memory Disorders, Brazil, acetylcholinesterase, and Alzheimer. Inclusion criteria were: full-text articles, articles in English, Spanish and Portuguese. Exclusion criteria: reviews, duplicate articles, articles that did not answer IR's guiding question, and articles that were not available in its entirety. The final sample consisted of ten articles. The studies pointed out that the years with the most publications were 2011 and 2018, with two publications for each year; the state that most contributed to the subject was the Rio Grande do Sul with three studies; Leguminosae was the plant family most quoted, with 11 genera and 14 differents species. Even with the lack of research on the subject, it was possible to verify that the families Aquifoliaceae, Apocynaceae, Anacardiaceae, Chloranthaceae, Convolvulaceae, Crassulaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lycopodiaceae, Leguminosae, Myrtaceae, Meliaceae and Olacoides present in their species biochemical characteristics, mainly anticholinesterase, neuroprotective and antioxidant, and may in the future constitute a treatment form for such pathologies.