Plantas medicinais com potencial terapêutico ansiolítico no Brasil : uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

From the very beginning, humanity uses plants for some therapeutic purpose. Medicinal plants are used to treat and cure various diseases, including mental disorders such as depression and anxiety. Nowadays, anxiety has become one of the main problems. Curr ently used drugs are effective, but it has many adverse effects, in that sense, the population seeks effective alternatives with fewer effects. This study aimed to analyze the scientific evidence available in the literature about medicinal plants with ther apeutic potential for anxiety in Brazil. It is an Integrative Review of the literature. The inclusion criteria were: full-text original articles; primary studies; publications in the English, Portuguese and Spanish idioms without a limit of publication date; carried out in Brazil. Exclusion criteria: articles that were duplicates and revisions. Databases used were: National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (PubMed), Scopus and Web of Science, totaling 41 articles; after reading the final sample was 9 articles. Exclusion criteria: duplicate articles, and revisions. Databases used were: US National Library of Medicine - National Institutes of Health (PubMed), Scopus and Web of Science, totaling 41 articles; after reading the final sample was c omposed of nine articles. The plants tested were Herissantia tiubae Brizicky, Davilla rugosa Poir, Erythrina mulungu Benth, Passiflora alata Curtis and Passiflora edulis Sims, Citrus aurantium Lineu, Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, Trichilia catigua A. Juss., Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth, Tropaeolum majus (L.) Kuntze and Croton conduplicatus Kunth. By the cross-sectional study of articles, it was observed that the years with the most publications was 2016 and 2018, with two articles each, being the Rio Grande do Sul the state with the most publications (three articles), followed by Paraná with two articles. The hydroethanolic was the most used extract. It was found that the Swiss mice and Wistar rats were the most used; and the administration of the extracts through oral route - gavage, was predominant. Elevated cross maze was the main behavioral test. Through the researches all plants were effective for anxiety, however, only Passiflora edulis, Passiflora alata and Erythrina mulungu are already used in tea and phytotherapeutic forms.