Avaliação temporal do sistema de armazenagem de grãos no Brasil

Abstract

Due to large numbers of grain production, mainly soybeans and corn, Brazil is in a prominent position in the international market, mainly soybeans and corn. Despite the great advance of the productive system, Brazil presents major logistical problems, mainly due to the lack of storage infrastructures that have been registered in the last decades. The objective of this study was to evaluate the evolution of grain production compared to the static storage capacity between 2008 and 2018. The study was carried out by means of a survey of data published by official bodies regarding grain production, and in the System of National Register of Storage Units (SICARM) which refers to a platform controlled by the National Supply Company (CONAB) to obtain static capacity. The evaluations were carried out in several scenarios, namely: general situation of Brazil; evaluation by regions of the country, in which case the production was in relation to soybean and corn; analysis of the state of Mato Grosso and its macro regions. In the period between 2008 and 2018, Brazil presented growth in grain production of approximately 84,56 million tons and static storage capacity (CE) of only 34,46 million tons, culminating in an CE deficit in 2018 of 29,06%. The South has a better condition of storage infrastructure compared to the production of soy and corn. The South has a better infrastructure condition compared to soybean and corn production. The North and Northeast regions present a high percentage of CE deficits, 46,28 and 43,31% respectively, which corresponds to 3,86 and 8,1 million of tons. The Central-West region has the most critical situation, with a deficit of 38,66 million tons estimated for 2018. Considered to be the largest grain producer in the country, the state of Mato Grosso, has a storage deficit of 38,57%. The cities of Sinop, Sorriso, Lucas do Rio Verde and Nova Mutum that are part of the Middle-North macro region, represent 26,4% of the static capacity of Mato Grosso, 63,08% of the Mid-North region, and 6% of the country's CE.