Evolução nutricional e fatores de risco associados ao diabetes mellitus gestacional de gestantes em atendimento ambulatorial

Abstract

In face of numerous damage that GDM can lead to the health of mother and fetus this study aimed to assess the nutritional status and risk factors associated with gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women in outpatient care. This study was conducted by collecting data from 67 pregnant records diagnosed with GDM who received prenatal care from January to December of 2014 in the prenatal diabetes gestational clinic service in Julio Muller University Hospital/HUJM/UFMT. The results were analyzed in EPI-INFO version 7.0 program and complemented by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. It was found that most women with GDM were overweight or obese, both pre-pregnancy and gestation. Obesity was the predominant nutritional status from the beginning (64.52%) until the end (52.2%) of pregnancy. There were a significant percentage of pregnant women who were overweight gain (38.33%). Evaluation of risk factors associated with GDM in the study group showed that age above 31 years (62.70%), diabetes mellitus history of 1st degree relatives (62.69%), followed by multiple pregnancies (57.58%) and excessive gestational weight gain (38.33%) were the factors that contributed to this occurrence. Glycemic profile analysis values were in accordance with the recommended. Regarding the laboratory and biochemical tests, it was observed that the higher the pre-pregnancy BMI, higher-met if the fasting glucose concentrations and lower serum concentrations of HDL-c. In conclusion, there is the importance of evaluation of maternal nutritional status and the recognition of risk factors in prenatal care for better diagnosis of GDM.