Consumo alimentar e fatores associados de pacientes com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise

Abstract

The Food Consumption (FC) is one of the items of the Evaluation of the Nutritional State (ENS) of great importance among the patients with Chronic Renal Disease (CRD) in Hemodialysis (HD) because the disease condition itself imposes changes in the diet and can result in an unfavorable nutritional status. The objective was to investigate the dietary intake and associated factors of patients with CRD in HD. A cross-sectional study with 110 individuals aged ≥ 20 years. We investigated demographic, socioeconomic, clinical and health-related behaviors. Anthropometric measures were measured and the FC was evaluated through the Food Frequency Questionnaire. The majority of respondents were men (61.8%), brown (54.5%), adults (68.2%), and low schooling (47.2%). Hypertension and diabetes were the main causes and comorbidities of CRD. In relation to ENS, the majority presented no excess weight (54.6%), with increased Waist Circumference (WC) (66.4%) and with adequate Calf Circumference (82.7%). In the bivariate analysis, a significant difference was observed in the mean of total calorie consumption, grams of protein, carbohydrate and lipid and mg of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium and iron between the sexes, being greater in males for all nutrients. Diabetics had a mean Kcal/Kg lower than non-diabetics and patients with HD time ≥ 4 years mean values of gPTN/Kg and Kcal/Kg higher than those with <4 years of HD. Patients with excess weight and high CC had mean values of gPTN/Kg and Kcal/Kg lower than those without excess weight and adequate CC. It is concluded that the AC should be monitored by nutritionists as part of the ENS of patients with CRD, with special attention to the differences between the sexes and the influence of the time of treatment of HD and comorbidities.