Mortalidade neonatal por causas evitáveis em Cuiabá - MT

Abstract

The infant mortality coefficient, including the neonatal and post-neonatal component, is considered an indicator that determines the health conditions of a country. The high rates may be due to several factors, but many causes are considered preventable, defined as those that are preventable, in whole or in part, by effective actions of accessible, qualified health services. Considering the high coefficients of neonatal mortality from preventable causes registered in Brazilian health services, this study aims to evaluate the evolution of deaths of newborns from preventable causes in Cuiabá - MT, between 2015 and 2018. For this purpose, a descriptive and retrospective study based on data from the Live Births Information System (LBIS) and the Mortality Information System (MIS) was conducted in the state capital, Cuiabá - MT, with the target population being all live births (LB) of hospital delivery and who died within the first 27 days of life. The data were collected in March 2019, first in the MIS to identify the NBs who died in the neonatal period and then in the LBIS to survey the NBs in the period for choosing the sample through the linkage technique. Data were entered into the Excel 2016 program and exported to the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20 for further descriptive analysis. We identified 331 neonatal deaths, of which 224 (67.7%) were early neonatal deaths and 107 (32.3%) were late neonatal deaths. Among the 224 early neonatal deaths, 106 (47.3%) died within the first 24 hours of life. Most of the deaths of NBs were from mothers aged between 16 and 35 years (81%), brown color (70.4%), with a cesarean section (51.4%). The neonates were male (57.7%), brown (73.4%) and 80% were preterm. A total of 245 preventable deaths were recorded (74%), classified by adequate attention to women during pregnancy (53.9%), followed by avoidable deaths by adequate attention to the fetus and NB (31%), and by adequate attention to women during delivery (13.9%). It is concluded that the causes of avoidable deaths still have a high rate in Cuiabá-MT in the studied period, mainly for those causes that could have been avoided by means of an adequate attention during the pregnancy and attention to the fetus, requiring constant monitoring to reach the reduction, as well as to analyze the programs directed to the population maternal-infant.