Caracterização epidemiológica em relação ao tratamento dos pacientes com Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana atendidos no município de Sinop

Abstract

Leishmaniasis are a complex of infectious diseases caused by morphologically similar protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. In the state of Mato Grosso, the American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) is one of the most important dermatological diseases with high incidence, due to biological factors of the parasite, hosts and the biome of the region. The municipalities that make up the scope of The Regional Office of Sinop (ROS) has a lot of new cases and is considered one of the greatest endemic centers of the Center-West region. Thus, the study aims to characterize the epidemiological clinical profile and treatment of patients with American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis attended at Family Health Units and other reference units for the treatment of leishmaniasis in the city of Sinop, State of Mato Grosso. The research was made through a data collection form, from January 2014 to June 2015. Data collection was performed through a form containing twenty-two questions in the selected Basic Health Units. The study included twenty individuals diagnosed with ACL and treated with N-methylglucamine antimonate (Glucantime®). In this study it was observed: (i) the prevalence of the incidence of the disease in males; (ii) most of the affected patients is in working age and are in contact with the transmission of the disease often in their workplace; (iii) the collateral effects of treatment were observed in more than half of the studied patients. However, cardiac arrhythmia, most reported collateral effect in other studies, did not match the expected result, being arthralgia the main effect reported. (iv) in the present study, there was a predominance of the single cutaneous form, followed by the multiple cutaneous and only a single case of late mucosal injury; (v) in this study, it was observed that most of the cases were autochthonous, which reaffirms the endemicity in the region studied; (vi) in spite of ACL being widely described in the literature as a wild disease, there was a change to urban in its transmission category, because most patients surveyed were not engaged in rural activities. Therefore it was concluded that in addition to improving measures to combat the vector and an efficient surveillance system in the city, the improvement of socioeconomic conditions of the population is closely linked to the reduction of disease transmission.