Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico em gestantes: uma revisão da literatura

Abstract

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, multisystemic, autoimmune disease that primarily affects the joints and skin. With no defined cause, it presents a variety of clinical manifestations, with periods of exacerbation and remission. The highest incidence is in women of reproductive age, causing a higher risk of maternal-fetal complications in pregnant SLE carriers. Given the importance of the disease, the aim was to review in the literature the main complications that can occur in pregnancy and the newborn due to SLE. To this end, a literature search was carried out in the following databases: Scielo, Pubmed, Google Scholar and BVS, using articles, theses and websites from 2002 to 2020, written in Portuguese, English and Spanish. The studies have demonstrated the negative effect of pregnancy on disease activity. If the disease is not treated properly, complications can arise in pregnant women with lupus, such as hypertension, pre-eclampsia, lupus nephritis, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS), HELLP syndrome, neonatal lupus erythematosus (NLE), miscarriage, prematurity, and stillbirths. It is concluded that pregnancy in women with SLE should be planned and monitored by trained professionals. The patient should be advised to become pregnant only if the disease is controlled for at least six months, in addition to the safe evaluation of the medications in use, so that the pregnancy can have a successful maternal-fetal outcome.