Áreas de risco para hospitalização por gastroenterite em crianças residentes em Mato Grosso

Abstract

Introduction and Objective: Gastroenteritis in childhood is an event associated with morbidity and mortality, especially due to the occurrence of diarrheal disorders. In the state of Mato Grosso, there was a decline in hospital admissions for children under five with diarrhea owing to rotavirus vaccination provided by the National Immunization Program, however, the decrease in diarrheal mortality was not identified. The hospitalizations for gastroenteritis reflect the quality of water, sanitation, hygiene, and primary health care, thus, this study aimed to analyze hospitalizations for gastroenteritis in children in Mato Grosso to identify risk areas for this health condition in the state. Methods: Ecological study, using secondary data from the Hospital Information System from the Brazilian Unified National Health System. The records from 2011 to 2019 of under oneyear-old children living in Mato Grosso and hospitalized for gastroenteritis were analyzed, and defined by the main diagnosis with codes A08 - A09 of the International Classification of Diseases, version 10. Data collected from the Brazilian Health Informatics Department website. To identify the risk areas of hospitalization for gastroenteritis in children under one, the relative risk of gastroenteritis was calculated and the space-time statistical scan was selected for data analysis, through StaTScan™ software. Results 3,866 hospitalization records were identified in under one children living in Mato Grosso from 2011 to 2019. Most of the children were 6 to11 months old (67.1%), male (55.2%), brown (49.0%), and lived in municipalities in the Central-North health macro-region (42.7%). The high risk areas of hospitalization for gastroenteritis in under-one children were located in the West and Southwest regions (RR: 3.88) from 2011 to 2014 and North and Northeast (RR: 4.05) from 2012 to 2015. The low-risk area encompassed municipalities in the North, Southeast and South geographical regions of the state (RR: 0.23) from 2016 to 2019. Conclusion: In this study, the analysis of space-time statistical scan enabled the identification of risk areas for gastroenteritis in Mato Grosso in order to reflect on the health of the under-one children population in time and space. Hopefully, the results may support actions on health promotion and childhood gastroenteritis prevention in addition to promoting the conduct of researches in this study field.