Levantamento das doenças bióticas e abióticas na cultura do eucalipto no estado de Mato Grosso

Abstract

Eucalyptus plantation has increasing in Mato Grosso to supply the biomass production for energy purposes. However, with this expansion, abiotic and biotic diseases have becoming a serious problem. Thus, the aim of this study was identify the biotic and abiotic diseases. Samples were collected in six places, such as Sinop, Juara, Cáceres, Rondonópolis, Arenápolis e Primavera do Leste. During the surveys, were possible to obtain 68 samples from leaves, stem and soil. Based on macroscopic and microscopic analysis as well in similarity of nucleotide sequences, was detected 19 pathogens associated to Eucalyptus in Mato Grosso and five abiotic diseases. Were detected presence of: Apoharknessia insueta, Calonectria spp. (C. pteridis, C. pseudometrosideri and a new phylogenetic lineage), Ceratocystis fimbriata, Colletotrichum gloesporoides (= Glomerella cingulata), Crysoporthe cubensis, Fusarium spp. (F. solani, F. equiseti); Kirramyces sp, Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, Pestalotiopsis spp. (P. microspora, P. colombiensis and P. protearum), Pilidiella eucalyptorum, Pseudoplagiostoma eucalypti, Puccinia psidii, Ralstonia solanacearum and Xanthomonas axonopodis. Of these, Apoharknessia insueta, Ceratocystis fimbriata and Pseudoplagiostoma eucalypti were describe for the first time in Mato Grosso. Among the biotic diseases, Ceratocystis wilt, Ralstonia wilt, Calonectria-leaf-blight and a lateral dieback caused by Pseudoplagiostoma eucalypti represent the major biotic problem for the success of eucalyptus plantation in Mato Grosso. The lateral dieback caused by Pseudoplagiostoma eucalypti was the most frequent disease, and shoud be studied with more detail, since was found causing 100% of mortality. As abiotic diseases were detected: drought, nutritional desequilibrium, physiological disorder, gummosis of eucalyptus and lightning incidence. Based on this results, is evident that will be necessary to introduce genetic material adapted to the climatic conditions of Mato Grosso, resistant to Ceratocystis wilt and lateral dieback caused by P. eucalypti. To Ralstonia wilt, should be planted healthy seedlings and certified.