Comportamento do cafeeiro arábica (acauã novo) sob condições de cultivo em sequeiro e irrigado

Abstract

Coffee is an activity of great social and economic importance in Brazil. Coffee production in new regions has been driven by the need for mechanization, especially harvesting and the lower risk of frost. The climatic conditions in these new regions, which are considered marginal for cultivation, are generally considered marginal for cultivation. The north-central region of the state of Mato Grosso presents favorable conditions for the exploitation of irrigated coffee, which can become another alternative for cultivation for small and medium producers in the region. In this context, knowing Arabica coffee cultivars L. more adapted to the region becomes a necessity. The objective of this work was to evaluate the adaptability of Arabica coffee L., cultivar Acauã Novo, in the north-central region of Mato Grosso, as well as to establish the most appropriate critical potential for conducting this crop under irrigated cultivation conditions. To this end, an experiment was conducted in the municipality of Sinop, between 2017 and 2018. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with three replicates and four treatments, represented by four values of critical matric potential, being: - 25.2 kPa, -34.7kPa, -47.9 kPa and -66.4 kPa. Each experimental plot was composed of six useful plants, and the value of each plot came from the mean of these six plants. The drip irrigation system was adopted, and irrigation was performed every day in the morning, whenever the critical potential of the respective treatment was reached. The variables analyzed were plant height, canopy diameter, yield and percentage of cherry, green and dry grains. It was observed based on the productivity achieved that the coffee tree adapted satisfactorily to the region, although the percentage of cherry grains is only 60%, which can affect the quality of the beverage. The critical matric potential that provided the highest performance of the culture was -25.2 kPa. There was no significant effect on plant height, but the lower bad potential promoted an increase in canopy diameter and consequently higher productivity. It is believed that further studies evaluating the behavior of the crop under irrigation at different periods of the year may provide an improvement in the quality of the beverage, due to a better uniformity of maturation.