Adesão ao rastreamento do câncer de colo uterino nas consultas de pré-natal: revisão integrativa

Abstract

The low adherence to cytopathological exam (Papanicolaou) is reported in many countries. The reasons range from fear, lack of knowledge about the importance and the period in which it should be performed. Pregnant women, who, due to lack of information, do not know that they can undergo colposcopy during prenatal care, fall into this last category. Based on this, the following question-problem was raised: "What is the scientific evidence found related to the low adherence of pregnant women to the vaginal smear test (cytopathological)?", aiming to identify in the literature the main complaints and reasons for non-adherence to cytopathological examination in prenatal care and the recommended intervention strategies. For this, an integrative review was carried out following the PICO strategy for the definition of the question and descriptors. The searches were conducted in the Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), and addressing databases: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Nursing Database (BDENF) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) with a time interval between 2011-2021. After filtering the results according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 articles were obtained that fit the research objectives. The main reasons reported by pregnant women were: lack of knowledge about the exam and about Cervical Cancer and feelings of fear and shame. Regarding the alternatives suggested to change this scenario, the main one was proactivity on the part of professionals in health education for pregnant women, followed by active listening and the development of quality and efficient public policies.