Interação medicamentosa entre anti-hipertensivos e antipsicóticos em idosos de uma instituição de longa permanência

Abstract

Introduction: In the elderly, the concomitant use of more than one drug is very common and this can lead to the risk of drug interactions and adverse effects. It is important to consider the physiological changes in aging that may affect the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the drug. Objective: To classify the degree of drug interaction between antihypertensive and antipsychotic drugs. Method: Retrospective, descriptive, quantitative study, in which medical records of residents of a Long Stay Institution for the Elderly were analyzed. The information was collected between April and December 2018, through a semi-structured instrument containing sociodemographic data, drugs and the class of drugs. For the classification of drug interactions, the informative tool on the website drugs.com was used and simple frequency tables were made for the arrangement of data using the Microsoft Office Excel 2013 program. Results: In the sociodemographic characteristics, it was identified that the majority corresponded to the male gender. 22 (88%), aged between 75 and 79 years 08 (32%), single 11 (44%) and hospitalized by family members 13 (52%). The average of institutionalization was 1 year and 11 months, with a minimum time of 1 month and a maximum of 5 years being recorded. The antihypertensive drug most used by the elderly was Losartan 17 (68%) and the predominance of antipsychotics was Risperidone 9 (36%). In the three groups of associations, namely, antihypertensive and antihypertensive, antipsychotic and antipsychotic and antihypertensive and antipsychotic, the most prevalent classification degree was moderate, followed respectively with 6 (33.3%), 2 (100%) and 14 (100%). Regarding adverse effects according to the drugs.com database, cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and renal dysfunction were observed. Conclusion: There was a moderate degree of classification between the classes of medications investigated, which can lead to significant adverse effects due to the fragilities of institutionalized elderly, the aging process and pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of drugs.