Densidade de semeadura de Capim-Tamani em consórcio com milho, no Norte de Mato Grosso

Abstract

One of the main challenges of agriculture in relation to the direct sowing system has been the production and maintenance of straw to cover the ground, given that the high temperatures and drought in the second crop period interfere both in grain production and in production. and accumulation of plant residue. In this sense, the objective was to determine the adequate sowing density of the forage Panicum maximum, hybrid BRS Tamani, in simultaneous intercropping with corn, which allows reconciling grain yield with dry mass production for soil cover. The experiment was conducted in the 2019/20 crop year in the municipality of Santa Carmem/MT (11º 55’ 45” S, 55º 10’ 20” W and altitude of 435 meters). The design used was a randomized block, consisting of six sowing densities of tamani grass (0.0; 1.5; 3.0; 4.5; 6.0 and 7.5 kg ha-1 of seeds pure and viable) in the corn sowing line, with four replications. The following variables were evaluated: initial plant population, final plant population, stem diameter, plant height, height of insertion of the first ear, prolificacy, ear length, ear diameter, number of grains per ear, weight of hundred grains, grain yield, maize dry matter mass production, tamani grass dry mass production and total dry mass production of the intercrop. No differences were observed for the vegetative variables, on the other hand, the presence of forage influenced the ear length, ear diameter, number of grains per ear, hundred-grain mass, prolificity, grain yield and dry matter mass of corn. The corn monoculture showed the highest grain yield (4,861.5 kg ha-1 or 81 bags) and the maximum production point of tamani grass dry matter mass and total dry matter mass were sowing densities of 6 .55 and 5.96 kg ha-1 of pure and viable seeds, respectively. Intercropping with a seeding density of 1.5 kg ha-1 of pure and viable seeds is recommended, aiming at grain yield (4,277.8 kg ha-1 or 71.3 bags), and, for straw production, the density of sowing of 6.0 kg ha-1.