Qualidade de grãos de soja em função do processo de colheita

Abstract

Soybean (Glycine max) is among the most important oil crops of the world, and has great economic importance and feed, in this sense; the quality of grain becomes fundamental. It needed attention as disease control and pests during cultivation; adjustments of the machines for the harvest and pre-processing, thus ensuring the quality physical, physiological and sanitary grain. Thus, the objective of this study was determine and compare the quality of soya beans produced in Mato Grosso state harvested about different situations. The soybean samples were obtained in the Northeast and North of the State, in the crops 2014 and 2015, respectively. The objective of this study was to determine and compare the quality of soybeans produced in Mato Grosso harvested on different situations. Soybean samples were obtained in the Northeast and North State, harvests in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The variables physical, physiological and sanitary were evaluated, as follows: moisture content; broken; impurity percentage; bulk density; true density; thousand grain weight; mechanical damage, and germination. The incidence of fungi was evaluated on product samples taken in the North. There has not been wide variation, between regions, for the properties: moisture content; thousand grain weight and volume of grain. Variations was observed for: the true density (5.32%) and bulk density (5.31%). In relation to the broken grains index, the grains in the Northeast showed tendency of the increase, in proportion to the machine operating speed, while the harvested product in the North this tendency was not verified. The two regions had average levels of impurities within the established by MAPA, which is up to 1%. The average percentage of mechanical damage were 14.6% in the North, and 10.81% in the Northeast. There was variation in the average percentage of 54.2% germination between regions. Of grain sanity analysis harvested in the North, it was found more significant incidence of fungi, Fusarium sp., with an average of 25.16%, followed by Aspergillus sp., 18.72%, and Penicillium sp., 17 74%.