Armazenagem temporária de soja úmida em silo bolsa

Abstract

The situation of the post-harvest of beans in Brazil has faced great difficulties, that because of the high deficit of static storage capacity, the reduced number of units at the level of the farm, and of low capacity of equipment for drying. The combination of these factors associated to the critical period of soybean harvest, with high indexes of rains, that the producers of the state of Mato Grosso face, culminates in significant losses and damages. The main difficulty facing refers to operations that characterize the preprocessing, specifically the drying of the product, since there is no time to perform this operation properly, this due to the high amount of product that arrives daily in the unit. This temporary storage in silo bag has been used by the producers of the region as a way to postpone for a few days or weeks of drying grain. This storage technology, uses plastic tarps and hermetically sealed, consists of a grain storage in an environment with an atmosphere having a low level of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2). However, the respiration processes of biotic factors, such as grains, fungi and insects, consume O2 and the result is the release of CO2, forming a hermetic environment. Thus, the objective of evaluating the temporary storage of wet soybean in silo bag, in order to verify the allowable storage time. For the experiment was used a silo bag with dimensions of 9 m long by 1.5 m high, on which was stored wet soy, for 18 days, with different water levels, 26.0; 15.5 and 23.0%, respectively to the points referred to in this study as 1, 2 and 3. Sensors were installed in the silo to analyze the temperature, relative humidity and CO2 concentration in the grain mass. For monitoring the maintenance of quality, have been evaluated physical, physiological and health variables, namely: water content, 1000 grain mass, apparent density, unit density, seed germination, accelerated aging and detection and identification of fungi associated with. As a result, the temperature (in point 2) stabilized at around 34° C, the relative humidity in 76% and the level of CO2 in 32.77%. The water content in section 2 remained on average at 15.6%, while in points 1 and 3 an increase of 1.8 and 4.3 percentage points, respectively. In terms of physical quality of the grain, there was significant variation for most properties in points analyzed. In point 1 and 3, where the grain had higher water content, the more expressive variation took place from the 12th day of storage. The physical quality of soya beans in paragraph 2 was kept. Physiological quality was impaired during the temporary storage. The fungus of the genus Fusarium sp showed the highest incidence, with 86.8; and 83.1 81.9% for the 1, 2 and 3 Points, respectively.