Solidago chilensis : uma revisão bibliográfica sobre sua composição química e ação farmacológica

Abstract

The use of plants as a medicine is the oldest practice of medicine, so it is important to identify its chemical components to understand its pharmacological action. In this scenario, Solidago chilensis Meyen native from South America, popularly known as Brazilian Arnica, because of its similarity to Arnica montana L.., is widely used as anti-inflammatory, analgesic and healing. The objective of this work was to describe the performance of the chemical components of S. chilensis in the anti-inflammatory process. The S. chilensis presents in its chemical composition flavonoids such as quercetin, quercitrin and rutin, sesquiterpenes, saponins, clerodanic and labdanic diterpenes, such as solidagenone, deoxisolidagenone, solidagolactone and other solidagolactol derivatives. Quercetin is the main responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity of S. chilensis, acting on the enzyme iNOS, inhibiting the production of nitric oxide and arachidonic acid, besides blocking the effect of cytokines such as TNF-α and IL -1β. Its action is also associated with inhibition of polymorphonuclear cells, which leads to a decrease in leukocyte migration and exudation. Solidagenone also has anti inflammatory activity, due to its immunomodulatory action it inhibits the production of nitric oxide and proliferation of active lymphocytes. Through the study it can be concluded that S. chilensis presents chemical components with great therapeutic potential, but there is still a need for new research to improve the phytochemical description and therapeutic potential of the plant. Phytochemical detailing of S. chilensis could lead to the creation of new drugs from a Brazilian native plant.