Milho consorciado com capim ruziziensis em sistema de integração Lavoura-Pecuária-Floresta

Abstract

The sustainable production has provided the development of techniques in integrated systems to afford improvements in the interaction between agriculture, livestock and forest. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the agronomic characteristic of corn, intercropped with Urochloa ruziziensis, at different sowing densities, within a Crop-Livestock-Forestry integration system. The experiment was carried out in the Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril experimental area, located in Sinop-MT (11º51'43” S, 55º35'27” W and altitude of 384 m), in a place with a Red Yellow Latosol soil characterization and Aw (Tropical) climate. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with four replications, which determined two luminosity conditions provided by eucalyptus rows (sun and shade) in the plots and four Urochloa ruziziensis sowing densities (0.0; 2.0; 4. 0 and 6.0 kg ha-1 of pure and viable seeds) in the subplots. The evaluated variables are: maize plant height, first ear insertion height, stem diameter, final plant population, prolificacy, ear length, diameter and number of grains, hundred grains mass, grain yield, number of grain bags, corn plants dry mass, ruziziensis grass dry mass, and total dry mass. The shade condition directly affected the ears length, ears diameter and grains number per ear, causing a reduction in the grain yield of the corn crop. For hundred grains mass, there was interaction between the luminosity conditions and sowing densities, in which the densities (0.0; 4.0 and 6.0 kg ha-1 ) presented 15.26; 15.37 and 15.07%, respectively, more in the sun condition. Grain yield was higher in treatments with sun condition, with 28.40% more production when compared to shade treatments. The corn plants dry mass and the total dry mass were higher in the treatments with greater luminosity, while the dry mass of the ruziziensis grass did not differ between the treatments. The maximum corn grain yield was present at the 2,33 kg ha-1 density.