As infecções nosocomiais como uma das complicações que mais afetam os pacientes com Covid-19 hospitalizados em UTIs

Abstract

Introduction: On December 31, 2019, China reported the first cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, Hubei Province, later identified as a novel coronavirus (2019- nCov). Renamed SARS-Cov-2 due to its potential to cause severe acute respiratory syndrome, the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared this COVID-19 virus a public health emergency of international concern. According to the "Diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia by the new coronavirus" patients with COVID-19 can be classified into mild, moderate, severe and critical cases, depending on clinical symptoms and imaging findings. Thus, patients diagnosed with COVID-19 can progress to more serious conditions of the disease, such as Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), shock and multiple organ failure, requiring admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Objective: To describe the factors associated with the occurrence of Health Related Infections (HAIs) within the ICU during COVID-19 in the period from 2020 to 2022 and the secondary infection control mechanisms in this period. Methodology: This is a review, used with the aim of identifying the main available evidence on a given topic, exposing its knowledge gaps and clarifying its main concepts according to the literature. Results: The initial search carried out in the two databases raised a total of 390 studies. After excluding duplicate citations, the titles of 384 studies were read to check whether they met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 126 records were selected for abstract reading, and 68 studies were included for full text analysis by two independent reviewers. Of the 68 articles read in full, 59 were excluded for not responding to the study's objectives, 09 studies being included for this review. Conclusion: Nosocomial infections are one of the complications that most affect patients hospitalized in ICUs and that increase morbidity and mortality, prolonging the length of stay. Adherence to HAI prevention protocols is essential to control cases of nosocomial infections and dissemination of multidrug-resistant bacteria.