Desenvolvimento inicial de genótipos de café (Coffea arabica) em canteiros agroflorestais

Abstract

The quality of coffee seedlings depends on the inherent conditions of the cultivation site, in view of this, genotypes adapted to different soil and climate conditions are being developed for different regions of Brazil, considering the strong genotype by environment interaction of this species. In this sense, the present work aimed to evaluate the initial behavior of four coffee genotypes (Coffea arabica) in the municipality of Barra do Garças-MT in agroforestry beds. The coffee seedlings of the cultivars Bourbon Amarelo, Arara, IPR103, Topázio MG1190 were produced in a Vegetation House and at 150 days of age they were transferred to the Agroforestry Field, both located within the Federal University of Mato Grosso, Campus Universitário do Araguaia. Sowing was carried out in polyethylene bags containing coffee substrate according to the 5th Approximation (Recommendations for the use of correctives and fertilizers in Minas Gerais). In the field, the agroforestry beds were composed of wood logs lined up and covered by a mixture of sticks, soil (horizon A), grass clippings decomposed for a year, being covered by a thin layer of wood sawdust. These beds had an approximate dimension of 2.5 x 1m, in wide beds, with the coffee seedlings arranged in a central line, spaced 0.5m between plants. Both in the greenhouse and in the field, the seedlings were evaluated for height, stem diameter, number of seedling leaves and number of nodes. In the greenhouse, the design used was completely randomized with 15 replications, while in the field, a randomized block design was used with three replications and five plants per replication in which each block formed three different types of beds (control, narrow and wide). Both in the greenhouse and in the field, the seedlings were evaluated for height, collar diameter, number of leaves and number of nodes. Among the cultivars evaluated, the cultivar Arara had the best performance in all analyzed characteristics. The cultivar Bourbon Amarelo did not present a good average in relation to the number of leaves in the field, and the cultivars IPR103 and Topázio 1190 had the worst averages in the field. Among the three beds evaluated, the wide beds provided the best development of the coffees, followed by the narrow bed, indicating the importance of agroforestry beds in the initial development of coffee seedlings.