Perfil de nascidos vivos e mortalidade de crianças indígenas no Brasil e Mato Grosso em 2005 e 2015

Abstract

The indigenous child is currently in a scenario of social vulnerability, mainly due to its historical and social condition marked by major transformations. The existence of ethical and racial inequalities leaves them dependent on a differentiated view in the health services, given the strong discrepancy in the factors that contribute to the illness of the indigenous child and their high infant mortality rates. Despite the urgency of the topic, little is known about the profile of indigenous children in many aspects. Objective: To describe the profile of live births and mortality of indigenous children in Brazil and Mato Grosso, in 2005 and 2015. Methods: This is a quantitative, descriptive study. The analysis comprised the total number of live births and deaths of children under 5 years of age available in the Live Birth Information System and in the Mortality Information System. The variables analyzed were: infant mortality rate, infant mortality rate, preventable death rate in children under 5 years old, birth rate, mortality rate due to infectious and parasitic diseases, maternal age, maternal marital status , maternal schooling, duration of gestation, type of delivery, prenatal consultations, apgar 1 minute and birth weight. The data were analyzed with the aid of the Epi Info program version 7.0. Results: In general, there was an increase in the proportion of live births of indigenous women from 2005 to 2015 in Brazil and Mato Grosso, but the sociodemographic and obstetric conditions of indigenous mothers had a worse result in 2015 in Brazil, as well as in Mato Grosso, when compared to the conditions of white mothers. Indigenous women had the highest proportion of younger live births, a higher proportion of unmarried mothers, with no schooling, increased cesarean delivery and prenatal consultations, as well as preterm and post-term newborns, with greater severity and low birth weight. Mortality rates related to maternal and child health were also higher for indigenous live births, both in Brazil and in Mato Grosso. Conclusions: In general, the newborns presented worse results regarding the variables studied, evidencing a situation of vulnerability that requires a different approach and approach for this population.