Entre filosofias : Diógenes, maneira de viver e cosmopolitismo

Abstract

Studying philosophy antique requires special attention to be paid so that its texts are not interpreted in an anachronic way. The need for attention is clarified and exemplified in the assumption of na philosopher antique circulating throughthe contemporary city of the 21st century: what would draw his attention? The size of the buildings? The walls of the houses? Passers-by trapped in the streets of a metropolis? Our assumption and any answers to our questions indicate these and many other changes in the political, cultural and social field. Just as the old city is different from the contemporary one, so is the way of doing philosophy. Not that this difference is necessary, and it is through this contingency that various interpretations about the philosopher's message are made possible. In Ancient Greece the citizen is considered a philosopher for his words and attitudes. His actions have to remain in agreement with his words, philosophy in antiquity presupposes action as an extension of the word. Philosophy is, in antiquity, a way of living. The teaching and learning of philosophy in antiquity were completely different from the way they occur in contemporary times. In antiquity the contact with philosophy was made by the conviviality between master and disciples, who lived together, occupied the streets and squares of Athens walking and talking; in contemporary times there are good teachers, but most of the time, the master is represented by a book. With this, philosophy loses the proximity of direct dialogue, but gains in the availability of philosophies. The monograph will deal with the difference between philosophy in antiquity and philosophy in contemporaneity, especially with regard to philosophy as a way of living, an interpretation consecrated by Fr. Hadot (2014b). In particular, it will deal with the cynicism of Diogenes of Sinope. About this philosopher will be presented his biography and his philosophy, understood here as a way of living that unfolds in several aspects: the word, action and cosmopolitanism.