Triagem fitoquímica e quantificação de compostos bioativos do extrato de Synsepalum dulcificum e análise farmacotoxicológica

Abstract

The close relationship between plant extracts and their pharmacotherapeutic activity is reported in the literature, where antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, and antidiabetic activity is described in the presence of various bioactives. Compounds from medicinal plants are of great importance in the health area, involving non-communicable diseases such as Diabetes Mellitus and correlated multimorbidities. The present work aims to carry out the phytochemical screening of the bioactive compounds present in the leaf of Synsepalum dulcificum, regarding the potential pharmacotherapeutic effect and the toxicity profile in vivo assays. The phytochemical analysis of the hydromethanolic extract of the S. dulcificum plant was carried out through qualitative and quantitative tests, with readings in a UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The toxicity of the compounds was evaluated by the lethality test using Artemia salina larvae. A macroscopic analysis of the plant showed characteristics similar to those described in the literature. The ingestion process showed a yield of 10.46% in relation to the mass of the extract (0.740 g) and the sprayed leaves (7.046 g). The qualitative screening of the compounds identified the presence of catechins, anthocyanins, flavonoids, anthocyanidins, alkaloids, and saponins. The quantified phytochemicals were saponins (53.45 µg.mL-1 ), total phenolic compounds (0.37-0.46 µg GAE.mL-1 ), flavonoids (3.16-23.56 µg.mL-1 QE), total tannins (15.78 - 49.11 µg.mL-1 TAE) and condensed tannins (11.98 – 23.87 µg.mL-1 TAE). Cytotoxicity showed an LC50 of 721.5 µg.mL-1 . The transmission and identification process showed a wide class of bioactive present in S. dulcificum leaves, suggesting transmission in the pharmacological context. The toxicological effect must be carefully verified in medicinal plants of this species and genus since there are few studies in the literature.