Catolicismo, direitos humanos e democracia cristã nos escritos do filósofo Jacques Maritain (1940-1950)

Abstract

In this article monography we have as object objective of study to investigate the bases that foment the construction of a thought directly linked to the foundation of the concept of Christian democracy by Jacques Maritain. We work with the hypothesis that the French Catholic philosopher Jacques Maritain contributed directly to the foundation of this concept through the articulation he made around the Catholicism, democracy and human rights triad in his works produced between 1940-1950. To develop this monography, we took as primary sources two of his works: Human rights and natural law (1943) and Christianity of democracy (1943). For the study intended in this research, we adopted, from the theoreticalmethodological point of view, authors such as Aline Coutrot (relationship between religion and politics), Pierre Bourdieu (religion and politics, as the author defines the logic of the political field, the functioning and the function religious field, religious capital, as well as the role of the church in maintaining political order). We also use Jean-François Sirinelli (definition of intellectual) and Serge Berstein (definition of generation). The investigation of this research led us to the conclusions about its elaboration of the notion of Christian democracy in the face of the Second World War.