Associação entre doença periodontal e diabetes mellitus: repercussões fetais

Abstract

Periodontal disease is an inflammatory oral pathology that causes the degradation of dental support structures, and one of its main risk factors is Diabetes mellitus(DM). DM is a metabolic syndrome that occurs due to insufficient secretion or inadequate insulin action. Both diseases are associated with each other, and cause negative impacts on the offspring. The aim of this study was to verify the effects of the association between maternal DM and periodontitis in offsprings. For this, moderate diabetes was induced in female Wistar rats 24 hours after birth by administering Streptozotocin and was confirmed after 110 days (adult life) by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The rats were mated and, with a positive diagnosis of pregnancy (day 0), periodontitis was induced by ligation. Pregnant rats were divided into four experimental groups (n = 12/group): non-diabetic with and without periodontitis and diabetic with and without periodontitis. On the 17th day of pregnancy, TOTG was performed again. On the 21st day of pregnancy, the rats were anesthetized for laparotomy. The hemimandibles were collected for analysis of alveolar bone loss. The fetuses were removed, weighed and analyzed for the presence of visceral and skeletal anomalies. The association of maternal diabetes and periodontal disease increased blood glucose and jaw bone loss. In addition, newborns from the association had increased body and placental weight, a greater number of ossification centers and a high percentage of visceral and skeletal anomalies. Therefore, the association between Diabetes mellitus and periodontitis causes negative impacts in relation to the developmental parameters of newborns.