Física no Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio, A : uma breve discussão das questões

Abstract

This study searched to describe the historical context of the National High School Examination (ENEM) from 1998 to 2017, the changes of the New ENEM, the laws and ordinances that supported the changes in this period and the main contributions. A qualitative and quantitative research was also carried out in order to analyze the ENEM Physics questions in the period 2009 to 2017 of the Blue Notebook each year. First, the questions of Physics were classified as Mechanical, Hydrostatic, Thermodynamics, Optics, Waves, Electrodynamics, Electrostatics, Electromagnetism and Modern Physics, allowing the visualization of the percentage of questions by content in this period. Then, the questions were classified, according to the context, in historical, experimental, problem-situation, exercise and conceptual approach. For this classification there was the discussion of some authors and official documents of the MEC as the National Curricular Parameters of High School and National Curricular Orientations of the High School of the area of Natural Sciences, Mathematics and its Technologies, and the National Curricular Common Base. From the research carried out, it was verified that the ENEM gives importance to the initial contents of High School, such as Mechanics and Thermodynamics, since the contents of Modern Physics, Electromagnetism and Electrostatics appear in a few considerable numbers in the period 2009-2017. A great emphasis is placed on official historical documents and the ENEM Reference Matrix on the historical approach, being seen as a basis for understanding the world through the knowledge of Physics and the formation of the individual for the society.