Manifestações patológicas em fundações rasas de concreto armado: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

The objective of this study was to identify the main anomalies affecting shallow foundations of buildings, through a literature review and case studies. The methodology included electronic searches via the internet, exploratory and qualitative bibliographic research, studies of books and scientific articles, and publications in journals. The study was divided into three stages: review of concepts and techniques inherent to soil mechanics and shallow foundations; specific pathological manifestation at the study base; and study of specific cases of the Tower of Pisa and the Nuncio Malzoni buildings. The most serious anomalies identified were the differential settlements of foundations in Santos-SP and the alkali-silica reaction on the foundations of buildings in Recife-PE. Both pathologies required different solution methods and highlighted the importance of a good design, good workmanship, and quality materials to ensure the safety and durability of the foundation and, consequently, of the building. In conclusion, this study contributed to highlighting information on pathologies in shallow foundations and recommended the evaluation of the effectiveness of different techniques and methodologies for treating pathologies in shallow foundations for future research. The importance of a good design, good workmanship, and quality materials, as well as knowledge of the soil and the loads that will be transmitted to it, was emphasized to ensure the safety and durability of the foundation and the building. Negligence in this phase can cause damage, expenses, disruptions, and risks for the residents, as demonstrated in the examples of the Santos Buildings, Areia Branca Building, and the Tower of Pisa.