Principais aspectos no diagnóstico e tratamento da cetoacidose diabética em felinos : relato de caso

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease that affects cats and is characterized by a persistent increase in blood glucose concentration due to a defect in carbohydrate metabolism. When not treated correctly, DM can lead to the development of other complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). DKA is a serious set of metabolic alterations such as hyperglycemia, ketosis and metabolic acidosis, which can be fatal to cats. The aim of this paper is to carry out a brief literature review on DKA, covering the pathophysiology of the disease, clinical signs, predisposing factors, diagnostic methods and treatment. It also reports the case of a 12-year-old neutered male feline, with a live weight of 3.1 kg and no racial definition, who was seen at the HOVET-UFMT Cuiabá campus showing some signs of feline diabetic ketoacidosis, such as anorexia, vomiting, apathy, hypothermia, dehydration and stupor. In the anamnesis, the owners reported that the cat had recently been diagnosed with DM and had been showing some of the characteristic signs of the disease, including weight loss and polyuria, for 2 months. Due to the emergency, the cat was hospitalized to stabilize the condition and carry out complementary tests. Unfortunately, the assessment of the severity of the case was limited by the impossibility of carrying out some tests and the cat ended up succumbing a few days after hospitalization.