Revisão da literatura : bactérias e fungos isolados de cavernas com potencial biotecnológico

Abstract

Caves are formed by a complex of rocky relief called "karst". There is, however, a participation of the water that contributes to form galleries in the rocky ones within the caves. The speleothems are found in the caves, formed by dissolving minerals that recrystallize and form the rocks over time. The cave environments have as characteristics lack of light, energy shortage, high humidity. It develops in this environment a adapted local flora and fauna, carried out its metabolism by new metabolic pathways from organic and inorganic sources. The microorganisms in the cave can occupy the space in a transitory way, loaded by animals, insects, currents of air, water, etc., surviving only when they find organic nutrients. The microorganisms that live inside the caves create the capacity to survive an aphrotic environment, with little energy source making them adapted to this place. The chemoautotrophic bacteria in the caves use as oxidation energy of the ores. Fungi find a favorable environment for their growth with high air humidity, stable temperature and presence of water. The number of caves explored in Brazil is still small. The knowledge of the microorganisms that inhabit the caves is deficient, but believes and is known of the potential biotechnology. Antagonist action of isolated microorganisms from caves is tested in three phytopathogenic fungi Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium sp. In the interest of knowing more about possible bacteria and fungi that produce important enzymes for industry, enzymes with higher resistance to temperature, pH, are the varying concentrations of substrate, are sought in caves.