Potencial agronômico e rendimento de cotilédones de linhagens de feijão-caupi da subclasse comercial fradinho

Abstract

The cowpea besides having great variability of types of commercialized grains, also has potential to be used in processed foods, by the transformation of cotyledons into flour. This work was performed with the objective of evaluating the agronomic potential and the percentage cotyledons, integument and embryo of lines of cowpea of the commercial subclass black eyed. The experiment was installed in the field in 2018 in the off-season, in the municipality of Primavera do Leste-MT. Twelve improved lines and two controls were evaluated. A complete randomized block design (DBC) with four replications was used. The cultivation value and plant lodging were evaluated using grade scales ranging from 1 to 5, the mass of 100 grains (in grams) and the grain yield (kg ha-1). After the agronomic evaluation, a sample of 100 grains was taken from each plot and soaked in 50 mL of distilled water for 25 min. After this period, the cotyledons, integuments and embryos were separated by hand using tweezers. Then the parts were dried in an oven at 60 ºC until the stabilization of their mass, which occurred in approximately 24 h. Subsequently, the samples were weighed to obtain the dry matter content. The results obtained were submitted to variance analysis and the means were grouped. In general, in agronomic terms, the evaluated lines were similar to the control BRS Itaim, a fruity grain cultivar recommended for cultivation in the "safrinha" season in Mato Grosso. For the percentage of cotyledons, ten strains showed higher averages than the BRS Itaim cultivar. It was possible to identify lines of good agronomic potential and with higher yield of cotyledons, to produce caupi bean flour, the basis for the manufacture of industrialized products. Ten lines showed agronomic potential for harvest in Mato Grosso and cotyledon dry matter higher than the control BRS Itaim. On average, the percentage of cotyledons in cowpea beans of the commercial subclass black eyed bean is 92.09%.