Sitemas de manejo como estratégia para a manutenção da qualidade física do solo na Amazônia

Abstract

In Brazil the South of Amazon, specifically the Mato Grosso state is responsable for the biggest production of grains in the country, needing then, constants evolutions by handling and susteainability. The direct seeding is a technique who aims to minimize the processes of revolving soil and is strongly disseminated between the producers, but, there is a shortage in adoption of crop rotation and roofing plants, because the producer often doesn’t renounce the immediate financial returno of the succession soybean/maize, resulting in the degradetion of the physical soil quality. Then, the present work aimed to evaluate the physical quality of the soil after 4 years of implementation of different production systems. The experiment was developed in the experimental area of Embrapa agrossilvipastoril, municipality of Sinop – MT. The trataments was composed by succession of soybean/cotton and soybean follow by seven consortia between the forage BRS Paiaguas, U. ruziziensis and others roofing plants. Deformed and undeformed soil samples was been collected at the layers 0-10; 10-20 and 20- 30 cm for determination of porosity, density, available water, penetration resistence, soil-water retention curve and “S” index. The cotton provided the best density conditions on the two surface layers, though, it was found that this was grading interference. The sunflower had the best values for available water at all layers and smallest penetration resistence on the 20-30 cm layer.