Avaliação da qualidade microbiológica da água de creches públicas do município de Várzea Grande - MT

Abstract

Water is a primordial element for the maintenance of life, however, when it supplied for consumption in an insecure and inadequate way, it is a great vehicle for the transmission of diarrheal pathogens, with children and the elderly being the most susceptible. This research had the objective of analyzing the water intended for human consumption of Municipal Centers of Early Childhood Education (CMEI’s) located in the Municipality of Várzea Grande – MT. The study was carried out in the 18 CMEI’s, which serve approximately 2,948 children whith ages ranging from 2 to 4 years of age. The samples were collected in the easel, water box, drinking fountain and kitchen faucet, totaling 80 samples, all which were collected in duplicates. In situ pH and temperature analysis were performed. The presence of total coliforms and Escherichia coli were analyzed using the chromogenic/fluorogenic substrate – ONPG – MUG (COLILERT), presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and heterotrophic bacteria, using surface plating technique in Cetrimide agar medium and nutrient agar, respectively. The results evidenced that the pH of all the sampling points are in agreement with the legislation in force, whereas in the temperature there were variations according to the local and sampling points, varying from approximately 4 ºC to 33 ºC. In the microbiological analyzes, the results obtained for total coliforms, in the samples taken from the 3 hulls studied were negative. Of the 13 CMEI’s water boxes, 46.15% of the samples were positive. In the drinkers of the 15 CMEI’s, only 26.67% of the results were positive; Already in the tap of the kitchen of the 9 CMEI's 33,33% gave positive. However, for Escherichia coli at all sites and sample sites the results were negative. In general, it is noticed that of all the sampling points the highest index of contamination occurred in the water tank. All the school units presented negative results for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, however, it should be noted that this bacterium is not classified as an indicator of water potability. Considering the results obtained for the heterotrophic bacteria, it can be observed that from the sampling points the highest contamination index was found in the water tank, followed by a water fountain and a kitchen faucet, however, no contamination was observed on the stand. It is concluded that the presence of total coliforms and heterotrophic bacteria are above the limit established in current legislation, and it is necessary to adopt hygiene and control measures, in order to guarantee water users of good quality and safe.