Sanidade de colmos e grãos de milho submetidos a aplicação foliar de produtos biológicos e preparado homeopático de própolis verde

Abstract

The alternative control of plant diseases stands out due to the benefits in the development and productivity of crops, and reduction in pesticide applications. The work was carried out with the objective of evaluating the sanitary quality of the corn stalk and grains which were presented to the foliar applications of biocontrol agents in the field. Therefore, the samples were obtained from an experiment conducted in the field, corn was planted in 2020/2021 crop season. The foliar treatments were: Trichoderma asperellum; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; Bacillus subtilis; Pichia sp.; Homeopathic preparation of green propolis dynamized at 6CH, control without application and fungicidal pattern; with two application times. The grains were disinfected with 2% hypochlorite for 3 minutes and placed in gerbox boxes containing three layers of filter paper moistened with 5% water-agar, incubated in B.O.D with a photoperiod of 12 hours and temperature of ± 25°C/10 days. The stalks were put to desinfection in 70% alcohol, 1% hypochlorite and sterile and distilled water for one minute, incubated in gerbox boxes with moistened filter paper and reserves under continuous light for 24 hours at room temperature. Subsequently, they were incubated in B.O.D with a photoperiod of 12 hours and a temperature of ± 25°C/15 days. The identification of phytopathogens was carried out according to morphology. In corn grains sanity, a V5/V6 application of T. asperellum or B. subtilis and two applications (one in V5/V6 and the other in VT/R1) of Pichia sp. or the homeopathic preparation of green propolis showed a lower incidence of phytopathogens. Foliar application of T. asperellum is efficient in controlling Fusarium sp.; Aspergillus spp.; Penicillium sp. and Rhizopus sp. in corn grains, while the application of B. subtilis reduces the incidence of Fusarium sp. Foliar applications of 6CH green propolis homeopathic preparation, B. subtilis; Pichia sp.; T. asperellum or B. amyloliquefaciens suffered the incidence of phytopathogens in corn culms, being therefore an alternative for the objectives aiming at plant health and sustainability of agricultural systems.