Florística, ecologia e enriquecimento de floresta secundária na transição Amazônia-Cerrado : subsídios para restauração e conservação

Abstract

The present study aimed to characterize the structure, diversity and initiate the restoration process of a remnant of secondary forest on the university campus of Sinop, Federal University of Mato Grosso. For this, a grid of trails in the vegetation was structured, the type of sampling used was systematic with allocation of 21 fixed plots of 25x25m where all individuals with diameter at breast height from 5 cm were measured. Species identification was carried out in the field through morphological and organoleptic characteristics and with the aid of the base literature and consultation of virtual herbaria. To characterize the structure of the forest, the basal area, diametric distribution and phytosociological parameters of horizontal and vertical structure were analyzed. For the restoration, the enrichment method by direct seeding of two native forest species with rapid growth in height and diameter was used. These were interspersed, spaced 10 m apart along the grid of trails. After sowing, three monitoring sessions were carried out, from which information on emergence, average height of each species and signs of predation were obtained. In all, 2124 tree individuals distributed in 96 species, 78 genera and 37 botanical families were inventoried. The most important species in the community were Mabea fistulifera, Inga cylindrica and Cordia bicolor. Shannon diversity index (H') was 2.92 and Pielou equability (J') 0.63. The basal area of the community was 12.65 m².ha-¹. The species Parkia multijuga showed emergence of 72% and Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum 62.28% in 18 days in the field and permanence of 59.4% and 22.8%, respectively until the 52nd day. The studied community presents structural characteristics of degraded forest in intermediate secondary stage in the ecological succession. The species P.multijuga was the one that presented the best performance in the field for restoration, demonstrating greater plasticity in different environments and resilience in the face of signs of predation.