Perfil bioquímico de ratos Wistar expostos a dieta de açúcar de adição e tratados com extrato aquoso de Cissus sicyoides (insulina vegetal)

Abstract

The sugar consumption has increased and addicionally, the emergence of chronic noncommunicable diseases, with its control being the biggest challenge in recent years, especially when its consumption is found from a young age. Furthermore, the phytotherapy becomes a possible alternative for treating diseases, highlighting the plant Vegetal Insulin (Cissus sicyoides), known for its hypoglycemic action. The objective of this study was to evaluate the metabolic and nutritional parameters of Wistar rats exposed to a liquid diet rich in sugar and treated with aqueous extract of C. sicyoides. Thirty-two recently weaned Wistar rats (21 days old) were used and randomly distributed into four groups: negative control (C-), positive control (C+), treated with vegetable insulin at 100 mg/kg (I100) or with 200 mg/kg (I200), all with N=8. The solid and liquid consumption was measured weekly. All groups except C- were exposed to a sugary diet for 62 days. After this period (adulthood, 90 days of life), the rats began to receive gavage containing filtered water (C- and C+) or the aqueous extract of the plant (I100 and I200), for 28 days. On the 29th day, the rats were euthanized for blood collection for biochemical analysis. All results were analyzed using the Analysis of Variance Test (ANOVA), followed by Tukey's multiple comparison tests, Student's T and Dunnet's test, with a significance value set at 5%. The rats that received the sugary diet (Group T) at the beginning of treatment had a higher liquid intake than solids, while group C- had a higher solid intake than liquid and all with variations in total energy intake. After treatment, group T was divided into three groups (C+, I100 and I200) and the patterns at the beginning of treatment were maintained. The coefficient of weight gain per caloric intake (CWGCI) of group T had a reduction in every week when compared to itself in the first week and compared to group C- in the third week. After treatment there was a reduction in CWGCI in the I200 group. In biochemical analyses, the I200 group showed reduced serum ALT activity compared to all other groups, and reduced uric acid levels when compared to the C+ group. There was also an increase in albumin levels in groups C+ and I100 when compared to group C-. Therefore, it is concluded that the aqueous extract with the highest treatment dose (200mg/kg) has a hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effect, as it reduces changes in important biochemical pathways for these organs, even with an increase in sugar consumption in the experimental groups.