Perfil lipídico de pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 após intervenção com práticas de educação em saúde

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition that causes high blood sugar levels, and is associated with changes in the lipid profile, including increased cholesterol and triglycerides. These changes increase risk factors, such as dyslipidemia, and can increase the likelihood of cardiovascular problems. The aim of this study was to analyze the lipid profile and anthropometric indicators of patients with DM2 and to carry out health education interventions to promote prevention and reduce the risks related to DM2. This study, part of a larger project, was characterized as observational epidemiological descriptive, involving 31 participants with DM2 already registered with the Family Health Program. Data was collected through structured interviews for sociodemographic and socioeconomic information, as well as laboratory tests. Data was collected using structured interviews to collect sociodemographic and socioeconomic data, as well as laboratory tests. Anthropometric measurements, such as height, waist, and hip circumference, were taken to calculate the Body Mass Index (BMI) and the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). During the monthly meetings, participants were provided with kits to measure blood glucose and information materials on health care and weekly orientations via WhatsApp®. Lipid and anthropometric parameters were assessed at two points: at the start of the study (Day 0) and after six months of health intervention (Day 180). Statistical analyses included normality tests and the unpaired Student's t-test, considering a p-value to be significant when <0.05. The observed population consisted of 71% women and 29% men. In terms of lipid profile, there was an increase in total cholesterol (from 180.66 to 223.08 mg/dL) and non-HDL cholesterol (from 113.75 to 179.42 mg/dL) on days 0 and 180, respectively. As for BMI, there was a higher prevalence of grade 1 obesity (48.3%) and grade 2 obesity (27.3%) among the patients. No statistically significant differences were found in the Waist to Hip Ratio (WHR) over the six months assessed. These results highlight the high incidence of abdominal obesity and lipid alterations among patients with DM2, underscoring the importance of developing health strategies that promote healthy eating habits, regular physical activity, and weight reduction, since lipid imbalances significantly increase the risk of comorbidities in people with DM2.