Atividade imunomodulatória das células mononucleares do sangue de bovinos regulada pelo óleo de soja bruto e refinado

Abstract

Cattle farming plays an important role in the Brazilian economy, and the welfare and health of livestock are essential to ensure productivity and food security. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate whether polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E present in soybean oil can optimize the immune response. For this purpose, the viability of peripheral blood mononuclear phagocytic cells, quantification of superoxide anion and activity of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme in the presence of crude and refined oil were analyzed. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance, followed by the Scott-Knott test, with a significance level of 5%. The oil used was obtained by donation, and blood was collected from six Nellore cattle. The experimental groups were divided into: 1 - mononuclear cells (MN); 2 - MN cells + OSB (crude soybean oil); 3 - MN cells + OSR (refined soybean oil). Phagocytes were obtained using Ficoll-paque and counted in a Neubauer chamber. Cell viability was assessed using Acridine Orange to stain the cells, with counting performed under a fluorescence microscope. To quantify the SOD enzyme, nitroblue tetrazolium and a spectrophotometer with a 560 nm filter were used. Superoxide anion release was assessed by cytochrome C staining and reading on the spectrophotometer at 620 nm. The cell viability indices obtained were higher than 98%. The MN + OSR group showed a reduction in SOD activity, while the MN + OSB group showed a decrease in superoxide anion concentration in the cells. This indicates that, apparently, soybean oil, both crude and refined, in its natural form does not contribute to increased oxidative stress in the cells.