Prevalência de doença renal crônica autorreferida e fatores associados : resultados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) 2019

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was considered a worldwide epidemic and also in Brazil. Population-based health surveys such as the National Health Survey (PNS) are essential for understanding the population's morbidity profile. Objective: To analyze the prevalence of self-reported CKD and associated factors in the Brazilian population. Methodology: Cross-sectional study with secondary data from PNS 2019, with individuals aged ≥ 20 years, of both sexes, who responded to the selected resident's questionnaire with the question about RDC diagnosis, this being the study's evaluation variable. Independent controllers were socioeconomic, demographic, lifestyle behaviors, self-rated health, and self reported comorbidities. Bivariate analysis was performed using the chi-square test and considers significant associations with p<0.05. In the analysis, sampling weights were used for weighting. Results: The prevalence of self-reported CKD was 1.50% (95%CI 1.40;1.60), being significantly more frequent among individuals with older age groups, lower education levels, lower income, and residing in the Southeast region (p<0.001). The frequency of Diabetes Mellitus and Arterial Hypertension was higher in individuals with CKD when compared to individuals without CKD (p<0.001). The majority of individuals with CRD reported not consuming alcoholic beverages and not performing physical exercise (p<0.001). There was a significant difference in self-perceived health between individuals with CKD and without CKD (p<0.001) and between the hemodialysis category (p<0.05), with a lower percentage of poor/very poor self-perceived health (20.6% ) in those who were not undergoing hemodialysis. Individuals on hemodialysis reported having more limitations in their usual activities (p<0.001). Conclusion: CRD was more frequent among those with lower socioeconomic conditions and greater limitations in common activities are observed in those undergoing hemodialysis. The need for population surveys with objective measures to diagnose the disease is highlighted in order to identify individuals with RDC early in the initial prognoses of the disease.