Profundidade de semeadura e umidade do solo na emergência de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Abstract

The seed quality is of great importance for implementing a crop in the field. However, there is a difficulty in translating the results obtained in the laboratory to field tests, since seed quality and vigor tests in the laboratory are conducted under ideal conditions. However, this is not the reality encountered by the producer at planting time in the central north region of Mato Grosso, as there are adverse environmental conditions for seed development, such as high temperatures, presence of pathogens, lack of rainfall distribution throughout the year, and pressure from incident pests. Additionally, there is no ideal minimum soil moisture value for seed germination; what is commonly found is sowing after rains or static water application when irrigation is used. Considering this scenario, this study aimed to evaluate the emergence of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seedlings at different depths and moisture levels of a Yellow Red Latosol. For this purpose, four moisture levels and three different depths were used, working on the interaction of each separately and the interaction of depth with moisture and vice-versa. For statistical analysis, a randomized block design was used in a 3x4 factorial scheme, with 3 depths (2 cm, 4 cm, and 6 cm) and 4 moisture levels (0% to 10%, 10% to 20%, 20% to 30%, and 30% to 40% field capacity). After obtaining the data, means were compared using Tukey's test at 5% for qualitative variables and Regression for quantitative ones. Four parameters related to bean seed emergence were evaluated: final emergence (EF), emergence speed index (IVE), average emergence time (TME), and average emergence speed (VE). It was possible to observe that for common beans in the central north region of Mato Grosso, moisture is the factor that most influenced the variables related to bean seed emergence, with the moisture range between 20% and 30% offering the best conditions for seed to resume embryonic axis growth.