Uso de consórcios em sistema plantio direto na região médio norte de Mato Grosso

Abstract

The no tillage system is an efficient strategy for providing straw, however, the choice of cover crops for use in this system still requires attention. In this sense, several studies are carried out to increase the plant options to be used in this system, with emphasis on cover plants intercropping. The goal was to evaluate the production of straw in intercrop of cover crops and measure the contribution of macronutrients from these plants biomass. The field experiment was conducted at Fazenda Santana, Sorriso-MT, Brazil, from February to September 2022, while laboratory activities took place at Embrapa Agrossilvopastoril. A completely randomized design was used, with five replications. The treatments corresponded to the cultivation of corn in monoculture (control); corn intercropped with Ruziziensis Congograss; corn intercropped with grass and Crotalaria spectablis; grain sorghum cv. BRS 373 with stylish cv. BRS Belay; forage sorghum cv. BRS Ponta Negra with Crotalaria spectablis; Ruziziensis Congograss with Crotalaria spectablis; Sextuple intercropping (Ruziziensis Congograss with Crotalaria spectablis, forage radish, buckwheat, sesame and niger). Dry mass production was evaluated, in addition to nutrient inputs. The treatments with the highest straw production and the highest macronutrient input (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur) were the intercrops with a high participation of grass in the botanical composition, as the Ruziziensis Congograss with Crotalaria spectablis and the sextuple intercropping. The use of grass combined with cover crops promotes greater straw production and the input of macronutrients.