Evapotranspiração da figueira sob diferentes coberturas mortas

Abstract

The objective of this work was to evaluate the evapotranspiration of the fig tree (Ficus carica L.) 'Roxo de Valinhos' under different mulches in the northern region of the state of Mato Grosso. The work was installed and conducted in the Plant Production sector of the Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Sinop Campus. Fig plants were evaluated under five growing conditions under mulch in the soil: without cover (bare soil), with cover of Mucuna preta (Mucuna pruriens L.), cover of Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.),) cover of Emerald grass (Zoysia japonica) and Brachiaria Cv. Ruziziensis. The design used was randomized blocks, with three replications, each plot consisting of 5 useful plants, with a spacing between plants of 1.5 m and between lines of 2 m, the plants were in the reproductive development stage, after the third pruning. reproductive the plants had four branches. The irrigation system used was drip based on the plant's daily evapotranspiration measured by punch tensiometers (vacuometers) installed at four different depths (10, 20, 40 and 60 cm), with three replications for each cultivation condition. Parallel to daily irrigation and evaluating the growth and development of the fig tree, the following measurements were taken every 21 days: branch length (cm); stem diameter (mm), number of leaves and leaf area (cm2 ), obtained using the LI- 3000 meter, LICOR and weekly the number of fruits from the production pruning. The use of mulch in the soil, in the northern region of the State of Mato Grosso, positively affects the development, evapotranspiration and the cultivation coefficient of 'Roxo de Valinhos' fig plants. Leguminosa Mucuna preta had lower evapotranspiration throughout the experiment with (298.86 mm/dia-1 ). The treatment with Brachiaria 'Ruziziensis' mulch had better efficiency in the use of water (0,35 kg.ha-1 ). The use of the cover with the grass Brachiaria 'Ruziziensis' provides the production of (5.20 Kg. plant-1 ) and with the leguminous pigeon pea (4.60 Kg. plant-1 ) and Mucuna preta (3.63 Kg. planta-1 ), being recommended for the climate and soil conditions of the northern region of the state of Mato Grosso. The use of mulch increases the fresh mass of the 'Roxo de Valinhos' fig fruit by 10 grams.