Consórcios forrageiros na segunda safra em sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária

Abstract

Brazil stands out as one of the largest food producers in the world, however, there is growing international pressure for more sustainable forms of production, seeking to produce more and more without the need to open new areas of exploration. In this sense, the Crop-Livestock integration system (CLI) emerges as an alternative to these demands. One of the technologies that comprise CLI are forage intercrops, which allow the cultivation of different plants in the same area and can count on several benefits due to the varieties of intercropped plants. Thus, the objective with this work was to evaluate the use of forage plant intercropping at the second harvest for forage production in CropLivestock integration system in the Amazon biome. The experiment was conducted on the Santana farm, located at Sorriso-MT (12°22'37.6 "S, 55°33'52.3 "W), while laboratory analyses were performed at the Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril Laboratory during the experimental period from March 2021 to March 2022. A randomized block design with six repetitions was used. The treatments corresponded to six types of intercrops, including the control (1. single Piatã palisadegrass; 2. Piatã palisadegrass + cowpea cv. BRS Gurguéia (Gravataí); 3. Piatã palisadegrass + Sorghum cutting/grazing cv. BRS 810; 4. Piatã + Forage turnip; 5. Piatã + pigeon pea cv. IAPAR 43 + Buckwheat + Sunflower - quadruple intercrop; 6. Piatã palisadegrass + Coracana grass + pigeon pea cv. IAPAR43 + Stylo cv. BRS Bela + Buckwheat + Forage turnip - sextuple intercrop, established in 2.2 ha plots. The area was grazed for 80 days, with a total of 40 cows. The soil of the region is classified as red-yellow dystrophic latosol of medium texture. The dry mass of forage plants, chemical composition, proportion of forage plants and amount of protein, straw mass and nutrient input in the straw mass before sowing were evaluated. The treatments Piatã + sorghum, quadruple and sextuple obtained higher values of dry mass compared to the single Piatã at 50 days after sowing, while for chemical composition, all treatments presented desired values. For proportion of forage plants, Gravataí showed the highest proportion of grass, while for crude protein, the sextuple, quadruple and Gravataí treatments showed the highest values when compared to the other treatments. In relation to the mass of straw and nutrient input, the Gravataí and grass + turnip treatments reached the highest values. Therefore, the forage intercrop promote a greater accumulation of dry matter, straw and nutrients in the period. The Gravataí and Quadruplo treatments showed good nutritional value in addition to straw production.