Transtornos depressivos e de ansiedade no adulto com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) : revisão de escopo

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, typically manifesting in childhood with deficits in communication, social interaction, and repetitive behavior patterns. People with ASD have varying needs and abilities, but the nature of the autistic condition increases their risk of developing comorbid mental problems such as anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation. The topic has been the subject of study for about six decades, addressing diagnosis, causes, comorbidities, psychological characteristics, brain functioning, and interventions. The following study aims to map the scientific evidence about depressive and anxious comorbidities manifested in adult individuals with autism spectrum disorder. This is a scoping review of the prevalence of anxiety and depression in adults with ASD. The present study used the MEDLINE (via PubMed), LILACS (via VHL), BDENF (via VHL), and SciELO magazine directories in a 10-year time frame, using as descriptors: "adult" and "autism" and "autism spectrum disorder" and "depression," "anxiety" and "mood disorder," "affective disorders," "psychosocial impact," and "mental health" to search for the articles. The fifteen articles included refer to the prevalence of anxiety and depression in adults with ASD. After comprehensively reviewing the fifteen articles exploring various facets of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in adults, it is clear that the mental health and well-being of individuals with ASD are affected by a range of challenges, including anxiety, depression, loneliness, and the need for social camouflage. These articles underline the importance of addressing these issues by implementing personalized interventions, early diagnosis, family and community support, and the capacity building of health professionals and educators. The research highlights the need for increased awareness, resources, and investments to improve the quality of life and access to mental health care for adults with ASD, thereby contributing to a more inclusive society and effective support for this population.