Análise dos casos de sífilis notificados no município de Barra do Garças/MT entre 2018 e 2022

Abstract

Introduction: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. Its progression occurs in different phases, each with specific symptoms, from painless ulcers to skin rashes and systemic complications. In pregnant women, syphilis poses a significant risk to both the mother's health and the pregnancy itself. Early diagnosis is crucial, as it allows treatment to be initiated with the use of benzathine penicillin, which is effective in stopping the progression of the disease and minimizing the risks associated with infection during pregnancy. Objectives: To assess the situation of acquired syphilis and syphilis in pregnant women in Brazil and in Barra do Garças between 2018 and 2022. Methodology: This is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach, comparing epidemiological data on acquired syphilis and syphilis in pregnant women, collected in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN). The data cover a five-year period, between 2018 and 2022, and refer to Brazil and the municipality of Barra do Garças/MT. The information will be compiled in a spreadsheet created in the Microsoft Excel® program for subsequent quantitative and descriptive analysis through relative and absolute frequencies. Results: This research investigated the evolution of cases of acquired and gestational syphilis in Brazil between 2018 and 2022, with a comparative focus between national data and those of the municipality of Barra do Garças-MT. It was observed that, in Brazil, cases of acquired syphilis increased consistently between 2018 and 2019, and again from 2021 to 2022, with a significant decrease in 2020. In contrast, cases of gestational syphilis continued to grow throughout the analyzed period. In Barra do Garças-MT, a significant peak in cases of acquired syphilis was identified in 2019, followed by a sharp decrease in subsequent years, but with a slight recovery in 2022. Cases of gestational syphilis, in turn, remained relatively stable, with a higher incidence in the years 2018 and 2022. These findings highlight the importance of continuous monitoring for the control and prevention of syphilis. Conclusion: Based on the analysis of syphilis occurrences, a national increase in cases was observed. Despite the availability of simple and low-cost diagnostic and therapeutic resources, its control remains a challenge. And for the municipality of Barra do Garças, reported cases have remained relatively stable, which is a warning.